Form & Function eBook
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The Force for Health
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Ask Dr. Rob · 360° Human Series

Form &
Function

How your body is built — and how it works
🧬 Cells to Systems🧴 Skin❤️ Heart🫁 Lungs🧠 Brain👁️ Your Five Senses🦴 Bones🧪 Glands🍽️ Digestion💧 Kidneys🤰 Reproduction🛡️ Immunity
13 body systems90 body partswith Dr. Rob
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series

Welcome to your body.

Doctors have always learned the body two ways: its form — what each part looks like and where it sits — and its function — what each part does. Learn both and the body stops being a mystery. This book walks you through all of it, from a single cell to the whole human.

Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Notice how the skeleton dictates the shape of the body. This course will help you understand the form and function of your body. We start with the smallest structures and work our way up each system to learn how they function together. This is your only body. Understand how it works.”

📘 LEARN ItRead each chapter and watch Dr. Rob’s Form & Function video for that system.
🎮 LIVE ItDo the Live It activity, then play the games and the Qwest station for the chapter.
📣 SHARE ItTeach one thing to someone you care about. Teach yourself first, then teach others.

Every chapter has four pages

  • Meet the system — Dr. Rob’s introduction, an everyday analogy and his video.
  • Form & Function — each body part, what it looks like and what it does.
  • When things go wrong — common conditions, how they’re found and treated, and how to protect yourself.
  • Live It · Share It — a body pathway, four check-yourself questions, an activity and a share challenge.

🪙 You earn LEARN It coins as you turn the pages and a chapter badge for every system. Finish all 13 Qwest stations to become a Force for Health Human Educator.

This book is for learning, not for diagnosing. If you are worried about your health, talk with a health care provider. In an emergency, call 911.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Contents

From one cell to the whole human

Tap any chapter to jump to it. Dr. Rob’s order works from the smallest part of you to the biggest picture — and ends with how to keep it all healthy.

Think of it like a car. The drivetrain is a system, and the battery, ignition, motor and gas tank are its “organs.” The sound system and air conditioning are other systems. You don’t think about any of them while you drive — they just work together. That’s homeostasis.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
1
Chapter 1 of 13 · 🧬

Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systems

It all starts with one cell.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Cells are the building blocks of the entire body. They are where the work is done, and they work together to keep a body alive like players on a large team. It all starts with one cell meeting and joining another to become you.”

Think of it like this · Think of a car. The drivetrain is a system, and the battery, motor and gas tank are its “organs.” The sound system and air conditioning are other systems. You don’t think about any of them while you drive — they just work together. Your body does the same thing, all day, every day.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Cells: Form & Function3:40 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute

More videos: Tissues explained by Dr. Rob · Intro to Organs and Systems: Form & Function

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 1

Cells to Systems: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
CellA tiny living factory, too small to see without a microscopeUses oxygen and food to make energy and does the body’s work; carbon dioxide is the waste
NucleusThe control center inside most cellsHolds the DNA — the instructions for building and running the cell
TissueA cluster of similar cells working side by sideDoes one kind of job, like an assembly line where every worker does a similar task
OrganLayers of different tissues built into one structureHandles bigger, coordinated jobs — the heart pumps, the stomach digests
Organ systemA team of organsCarries out an essential body function, like breathing or digestion
HomeostasisEvery system working togetherKeeps the inside of the body stable so life can continue
💡 Did you know?
  • Your body is made of trillions of cells, and they need oxygen and food.
  • Your cells make carbon dioxide as a waste product — your lungs breathe it out.
  • No system is more important than another: all of them are vital to life.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 1

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common cells to systems conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

When cells grow out of control

What it is: Cancer starts when cells keep dividing and multiplying without stopping, often after their DNA is damaged.

Signs: Depends on where it starts — a new lump, a spot that changes, or a change in how the body works.

How it’s found: Exams, scans and a biopsy (a small sample looked at under a microscope).

Care: Surgery, medicines and radiation. Finding it early makes a big difference.

When cells don’t get oxygen

What it is: Without oxygen, cells begin to die within minutes — that is why breathing and blood flow are emergencies.

Signs: Confusion, blue lips, collapse.

How it’s found: Seen right away — call 911.

Care: Restore breathing and blood flow fast (CPR, rescue breathing).

Healthy cells, healthy you

What it is: Cells need oxygen, food, water and rest to do their jobs.

Signs: Low energy, poor healing and frequent illness can be signs your cells are not getting what they need.

How it’s found: A check-up with your health care provider.

Care: Eat well, move every day, sleep, and don’t smoke.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Move every day — kids and teens 60 minutes, adults at least 150 minutes a week.
  • Limit recreational screen time to under 2 hours a day.
  • Eat real food — your cells are built from it.
  • Don’t smoke: it starves cells of oxygen.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 1

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · How the body is organized

Cell→Tissue→Organ→Organ system→The whole you (homeostasis)

✅ Check yourself

1. What is the basic building block of the body?
a) The boneb) The organc) The celld) The tissue
2. A group of similar cells doing one kind of job is a…
a) Organb) Systemc) Nucleusd) Tissue
3. Which list is in the right order, smallest to largest?
a) Organ → cell → system → tissueb) Cell → tissue → organ → systemc) System → organ → tissue → celld) Tissue → cell → system → organ
4. What waste product do your cells make as they use energy?
a) Melaninb) Insulinc) Carbon dioxided) Oxygen
LIVE ItTake a brisk walk or climb a flight of stairs. Count how many body systems you can feel working — breathing, heartbeat, muscles, sweat, balance, your senses.
SHARE ItExplain the car analogy to someone at home: cells → tissues → organs → systems → the whole car (you!).

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
2
Chapter 2 of 13 · 🧴

Integumentary System (Skin)

Your largest organ — and your first line of defense.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “The world is full of threats to our health — germs, chemicals, radiation, hard surfaces and extreme temperatures. The integumentary system is all about protecting our delicate insides from the harsh world we face every day. And yes — the skin is an organ. In fact, it is the largest organ of the entire body.”

Think of it like this · Your skin is like the walls, roof and windows of a house: it keeps weather and intruders out, holds the good stuff in, and has sensors that tell you when something is too hot, too cold or too sharp.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Integument (Skin) System: Form & Function7:19 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
🔒

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The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 2

Skin: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Stratum corneumThe top of the epidermis: a coat of flat, dead skin cellsA tough top layer that helps keep germs out and water in
EpidermisThe thin outer layer of skinConstantly makes new skin cells and forms a barrier against the outside world
DermisThe thick middle layer with blood vessels, nerves, hair roots and glandsBuilds new skin, feels touch, heat and pain, and makes sweat and oil
HypodermisThe deepest layer of fat and connective tissueAttaches skin to the body, stores energy and keeps you warm
MelanocytesPigment-making cells in the epidermisMake melanin, which colors skin, hair and eyes and protects against the sun
Sweat glandsCoiled tubes in the dermisRelease sweat that evaporates to cool you down
Hair and nailsHard protein structures that grow from the skinHair keeps you warm (goosebumps!); nails protect fingertips and toes
💡 Did you know?
  • The skin is the largest organ in the body.
  • You shed and replace the outer layer of your skin all the time.
  • Beneath the melanin, we are all the same.
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 2

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common skin conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Scrapes, cuts and bruises

What it is: Abrasions, lacerations and bruises (hematomas) happen when something sharper or harder than skin damages it.

Signs: Pain, an opening in the skin, color change.

How it’s found: Usually self-diagnosed.

Care: Keep wounds clean. Deep cuts may need glue or stitches; let bruises heal with time.

Dermatitis, acne and hives

What it is: Inflammation of the skin. Psoriasis is caused by an overactive immune system; hives are an allergic reaction.

Signs: Rash, red bumps, whiteheads and blackheads, itching.

How it’s found: A look at the skin, scalp and nails, plus family history.

Care: Wash hands and face, clean your phone and keyboard, drink water, sleep — and see a provider for stubborn rashes.

Burns

What it is: Sun, heat, chemicals or electricity can break the skin. 1st degree = epidermis; 2nd = epidermis + dermis; 3rd = down to the hypodermis.

Signs: Redness and pain; blisters; or leathery, numb skin in a 3rd-degree burn.

How it’s found: By how deep it goes.

Care: Cool the burn under running water. Small 1st-degree burns can be treated at home. Call 911 for large burns, burns to the face, hands or genitals, electrical or chemical burns, or any trouble breathing.

Skin cancer

What it is: The most common cancer in Americans, often caused by UV damage to DNA. Melanoma is the most serious type.

Signs: A spot or lump that is new, uneven, growing, darkening, bleeding or scaly.

How it’s found: Compare the spot with nearby skin, photograph it next to a ruler, and see a dermatologist for a biopsy.

Care: Removal and other treatment. Early checks save lives.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Wash your hands — germs enter through tiny breaks in the skin.
  • Use shade, clothing and sunscreen.
  • Be careful with sharp, hot and cold things.
  • Keep skin clean and dry; don’t smoke (it causes wrinkles).
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

Get the eBook · $49Join AmbassadorPLUS · $75/year · eBook includedAlready an AmbassadorPLUS member? This eBook is included.Sign in to unlock
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 2

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · Skin layers, outside to inside

Epidermis (dead outer cells on top)→Dermis→Hypodermis (fat)→Fascia→Muscle

✅ Check yourself

1. What is the largest organ of the body?
a) The brainb) The skinc) The liverd) The lungs
2. Which is the outer layer of the skin?
a) Hypodermisb) Bone marrowc) Epidermisd) Dermis
3. Where are hair roots, sweat glands and blood vessels found?
a) Stratum corneumb) Bonec) Epidermisd) Dermis
4. What does melanin do?
a) Fights germsb) Colors skin and protects it from the sunc) Carries oxygend) Digests food
LIVE ItHand-washing challenge: wash for 20 seconds (two rounds of “Happy Birthday”) every time you come in from outside today.
SHARE ItTeach someone how to check a mole: Is it uneven? Is the border ragged? Is the color mixed? Is it bigger than a pencil eraser? Is it changing?

My notes:

🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
3
Chapter 3 of 13 · ❤️

Circulatory System

The ultimate Force for Health is your heart.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Imagine your body as a small community where every home needs food and supplies. The heart is the supplier, and the blood vessels are the trucks that deliver to every organ. Let’s see how the pump and the pipes keep the whole community alive.”

Think of it like this · The heart is a pump and the blood vessels are pipes. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins bring it back, and tiny capillaries are the delivery driveways to every cell.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Cardiovascular System: Form & Function5:58 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 3

Heart & Blood Vessels: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
HeartA fist-sized muscle with four chambersPumps blood to the lungs and the rest of the body
Atria (2)The two upper chambersReceive blood coming back to the heart
Ventricles (2)The two lower, stronger chambersPump blood out — the right to the lungs, the left to the body
AortaThe largest artery, leaving the left ventricleCarries oxygen-rich blood out to the body
Vena cavaThe largest vein, entering the right atriumBrings oxygen-poor blood back from the body
ArteriesThick, muscular tubesCarry blood away from the heart
VeinsThinner tubes with valvesCarry blood back to the heart
CapillariesThe smallest, thinnest vesselsTrade oxygen and food for carbon dioxide and waste at every cell
💡 Did you know?
  • Your body has two circulations: pulmonary (heart → lungs → heart) and systemic (heart → body → heart).
  • Your calf muscles are a “second heart” — every step squeezes blood in the leg veins back up toward the heart.
  • Exercise makes the heart muscle stronger, so it pumps more with every beat.
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 3

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common heart & blood vessels conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Heart attack

What it is: Blood flow in a heart artery is blocked, usually by a fatty, cholesterol plaque, and heart muscle starts to die.

Signs: Chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, light-headedness.

How it’s found: ECG, blood tests, catheterization.

Care: Call 911. Medicines, stents or bypass surgery restore blood flow.

Coronary artery disease

What it is: The arteries that feed the heart are narrowed and damaged.

Signs: Chest pain with effort, shortness of breath — or a heart attack.

How it’s found: ECG, stress test, CT or catheterization.

Care: Healthy eating, exercise, no smoking, medicines and procedures.

Heart failure

What it is: The heart muscle doesn’t pump as well as it should, often after years of high blood pressure. Failing hearts get larger.

Signs: Tiredness, swelling, shortness of breath with effort or lying down.

How it’s found: Echocardiogram, ECG, blood tests.

Care: Medicines, less salt, activity as advised, devices.

Cardiac arrest

What it is: The heart’s electrical system suddenly fails (often ventricular fibrillation) and blood stops flowing.

Signs: Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing.

How it’s found: It is an emergency — act first.

Care: Call 911, start CPR and use an AED (defibrillator) right away.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Exercise often — your heart is a muscle.
  • Don’t smoke: it thickens blood and narrows arteries.
  • Eat vegetables, fruit and lean protein; go easy on fast food and added sugar.
  • Manage stress — meditate, stretch, listen to music, get outside.
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

Get the eBook · $49Join AmbassadorPLUS · $75/year · eBook includedAlready an AmbassadorPLUS member? This eBook is included.Sign in to unlock
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 3

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · Blood flow through the heart

Vena cava→Right atrium→Right ventricle→Pulmonary artery → lungs→Pulmonary vein→Left atrium→Left ventricle→Aorta → body

✅ Check yourself

1. How many chambers does the human heart have?
a) Twob) Threec) Fourd) Six
2. Which vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart?
a) Veinsb) Lymph vesselsc) Capillariesd) Arteries
3. Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart through the…
a) Carotid arteryb) Vena cavac) Aortad) Pulmonary vein
4. The right ventricle pumps blood to the…
a) Kidneysb) Brainc) Legsd) Lungs
LIVE ItFind your pulse at your wrist. Count beats for 15 seconds and multiply by 4. Do 20 jumping jacks and count again. What changed — and why?
SHARE ItTeach someone the signs of a heart attack and that cardiac arrest means: call 911, push hard and fast on the chest, and get the AED.

My notes:

🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

Get the eBook · $49Join AmbassadorPLUS · $75/year · eBook includedAlready an AmbassadorPLUS member? This eBook is included.Sign in to unlock
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
4
Chapter 4 of 13 · 🫁

Respiratory System

Take a deep breath… enjoy it.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Without oxygen, we die. When someone drowns, cells begin to die after only three to five minutes without oxygen. The respiratory system’s job is to pull air into the lungs, move oxygen into the blood, and push carbon dioxide out. Take a deep breath, enjoy it, and learn how that happens — and how diseases can take it away.”

Think of it like this · Cells burn sugar for energy like a fireplace burns wood. Carbon dioxide is the smoke — and your lungs are the chimney that pushes it out of the house.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Respiratory System: Form & Function4:41 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
🔒

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The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 4

Lungs & Airways: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Nose and mouthThe openings where air entersWarm, moisten and filter the air
PharynxThe back of the throatShared passage for air and food
Larynx (voice box)Holds the vocal cordsVibrates air so you can speak
Trachea (windpipe)A tube held open by rings of cartilageCarries air down to the lungs
BronchiBranching tubes inside the lungsSpread air through each lung; make mucus to trap dust
AlveoliMillions of tiny air sacs wrapped in capillariesWhere oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves
DiaphragmA dome-shaped muscle under the lungsPulls down to suck air in, relaxes to push air out
Intercostal musclesMuscles between the ribsLift and lower the ribs to help breathing
💡 Did you know?
  • Cells start to die after 3 to 5 minutes without oxygen.
  • Air is warmed and humidified before it reaches the lungs.
  • Not smoking is the best way to reduce the risk of most lung diseases.
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 4

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common lungs & airways conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Asthma

What it is: Airways overreact — they tighten, swell and make extra mucus — so breathing suddenly gets harder.

Signs: Cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, often set off by triggers like allergies, smoke, dust or cold air.

How it’s found: History, wheezing on exam and a spirometry (breathing) test.

Care: Avoid triggers; daily controller medicine and a “rescue” inhaler for attacks.

COPD and emphysema

What it is: Long-term damage to the airways and air sacs, almost always from smoking or polluted air. Air gets trapped.

Signs: Cough with mucus, shortness of breath that slowly worsens.

How it’s found: History, chest X-ray and spirometry.

Care: Stop smoking, inhalers, oxygen in severe cases.

Bronchitis and pneumonia

What it is: Bronchitis is infection of the airways; pneumonia is infection in the lung tissue, where air sacs fill with pus.

Signs: Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain when breathing.

How it’s found: Stethoscope exam, chest X-ray, sometimes a sputum culture.

Care: Antibiotics for bacteria, oxygen if needed, deep breathing and coughing exercises.

Lung cancer

What it is: Cancer cells grow in the lungs and can spread. Most common in people who smoked, lived with radon, or worked with asbestos.

Signs: Often none at first; later cough, coughing up blood, weight loss.

How it’s found: X-ray or CT scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy.

Care: Surgery, radiation and medicines, depending on the type.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Don’t smoke, don’t vape, and avoid secondhand smoke.
  • Wear a mask in dusty or dirty work areas.
  • Avoid your asthma triggers.
  • Cover your cough and wash your hands.
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 4

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · The path of a breath

Nose or mouth→Pharynx→Larynx→Trachea→Bronchi→Alveoli→Into the blood

✅ Check yourself

1. Where does oxygen pass into the blood?
a) Pharynxb) Larynxc) Alveolid) Trachea
2. Which muscle does most of the work of breathing in?
a) Bicepsb) Tonguec) Diaphragmd) Heart
3. The larynx is also called the…
a) Windpipeb) Food pipec) Air sacd) Voice box
4. What gas do your lungs push out?
a) Carbon dioxideb) Oxygenc) Nitrogen onlyd) Helium
LIVE ItBelly-breathing break: put a hand on your belly, breathe in for 4 counts so your hand rises (that’s your diaphragm pulling down), hold 2, breathe out for 6. Repeat five times.
SHARE ItAsk someone you love to make (or keep) a promise: no smoking and no vaping in the home or car.

My notes:

🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
5
Chapter 5 of 13 · 🧠

Nervous System

Everything that makes you, you.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “The brain is the site of higher-level processes. It watches over everything happening inside the body, takes in the outside world through taste, touch, smell, hearing and sight, and coordinates a response. Memory, intelligence, emotions, thoughts — pretty much everything that makes you unique happens in the brain.”

Think of it like this · The nervous system is the body’s wiring and command center. The brain is headquarters, the spinal cord is the main cable, and nerves are the wires that carry electrical messages to and from every part of you.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Nervous System: Form & Function5:29 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 5

Brain, Spine & Nerves: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
BrainSoft organ protected by the skullThinks, remembers, feels and controls the body
Spinal cordA thick bundle of nerves inside the spineRelays messages between the brain and the body
Spine (vertebrae)A column of bones from skull to tailboneSupports the body and protects the spinal cord
NervesCables of nerve cells (neurons)Carry electrical signals to and from the brain and spinal cord
Cranial nerves (12 pairs)Nerves that come straight from the brainControl senses and functions of the head and neck
Central nervous systemThe brain and spinal cordProcesses information and decides how to respond
Peripheral nervous systemAll the nerves outside the brain and spinal cordConnects the body and senses to the central nervous system
💡 Did you know?
  • The brain has twelve pairs of cranial nerves.
  • Nerves send messages using electrical signals called action potentials.
  • The spine ends at the tailbone (coccyx).
🔒

Keep exploring Form & Function

The rest of this eBook — all 13 chapters, both worksheets and the answer key.

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 5

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common brain, spine & nerves conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Stroke

What it is: Part of the brain loses blood flow — from a clot (ischemic) or a burst vessel (hemorrhagic) — and brain cells quickly die.

Signs: BE FAST: Balance loss, Eyes (vision change), Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech trouble — Time to call 911.

How it’s found: CT scan, exam and blood tests.

Care: Clot-busting medicine as fast as possible; surgery for bleeding.

Concussion

What it is: A brain injury from a blow to the head or violent shaking.

Signs: Headache, sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, confusion, memory loss.

How it’s found: Exam and symptom check; scans if severe.

Care: Rest your body and brain; return to sports only when cleared.

Alzheimer’s disease

What it is: A disease in which brain cells slowly break down, linked to genes, environment and aging.

Signs: Growing memory loss, confusion, trouble with daily tasks, mood changes.

How it’s found: Memory and thinking tests; ruling out other causes.

Care: Medicines to slow it down and a safe, comfortable environment.

Parkinson’s disease

What it is: A progressive disorder that affects movement.

Signs: Tremor, stiff muscles, slow movement, speech changes.

How it’s found: No single test; exam and scans to rule out other conditions.

Care: No cure yet; medicines help manage symptoms.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Wear a helmet for biking, skating and contact sports.
  • Buckle up every ride.
  • Know BE FAST — every minute counts in a stroke.
  • Sleep, move and keep learning — your brain loves all three.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 5

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · Ouch! The reflex arc

Pain receptor in the skin→Sensory nerve→Spinal cord→Motor nerve→Muscle pulls away

✅ Check yourself

1. The brain and spinal cord together are the…
a) Central nervous systemb) Lymphatic systemc) Peripheral nervous systemd) Endocrine system
2. What protects the spinal cord?
a) The pelvisb) The spine (vertebrae)c) The ribsd) The skull
3. How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
a) 31b) 12c) 20d) 4
4. In BE FAST, the “T” stands for…
a) Tingling toesb) Temperaturec) Take a napd) Time to call 911
LIVE ItTest your reaction time: have a partner drop a ruler between your fingers and catch it as fast as you can. The message traveled eyes → brain → spinal cord → finger muscles!
SHARE ItTeach someone BE FAST and practice saying it together until they know it by heart.

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
6
Chapter 6 of 13 · 👁️

Sensory System

Vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “The senses are how we receive and understand the world outside. Each one plays a big part in how we interact with and perceive our environment — and the central and peripheral nervous systems work together to make it happen. Take care of your sensory organs and your brain so you can enjoy all of life’s joy to the fullest.”

Think of it like this · Your eye works like a camera: the cornea and lens focus the light, the pupil is the opening, and the retina is the screen that turns light into signals for the brain.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · FFH Human: Sensory Overview6:18 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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25
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 6

Your Five Senses: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Cornea and pupilThe clear front window and the dark opening of the eyeLet reflected light into the eye
LensA clear, flexible discFocuses light onto the retina, like a camera lens
Retina (rods and cones)The light-sensing “screen” at the back of the eyeTurns light into signals for the brain
Inner-ear hair cellsTiny hair-topped cells deep in the earTurn sound vibrations into signals — they do NOT grow back once damaged
Smell receptorsSensors high in the nasal cavityDetect odor molecules; closely tied to memory
Taste budsReceptor cells on the tongueSense sweet, sour, salty, bitter and savory (umami)
Skin receptorsSensors for pressure, temperature and painLet you feel touch and pull away from danger
💡 Did you know?
  • Damaged hair cells in the ear never grow back — protect your hearing from loud noise.
  • Smell has a strong link to memory: a scent can bring a memory right back.
  • Without smell, food loses much of its taste — and you can’t smell smoke or a gas leak.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 6

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common your five senses conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Macular degeneration

What it is: Age-related wearing down of the center of the retina (the macula). Dry type is more common; wet type leaks fluid or blood.

Signs: Blurry or distorted central vision, faded colors.

How it’s found: Eye exam and retina scans.

Care: No cure, but early treatment can slow it; magnifiers and good lighting help.

Hearing loss and tinnitus

What it is: Hair cells in the inner ear are damaged by age, loud noise, smoking or some medicines.

Signs: Ringing in the ears, trouble understanding speech or phone calls.

How it’s found: Hearing (audiometer) tests and an ear exam.

Care: Earwax removal, hearing aids, cochlear implants; protect hearing from loud noise.

Anosmia (loss of smell)

What it is: Losing the sense of smell — often temporary after a cold, sometimes from injury or toxins.

Signs: Can’t smell; food tastes bland.

How it’s found: Usually self-noticed; see a provider if it lasts.

Care: Treat the cause; install smoke and gas detectors for safety.

Sensory processing challenges

What it is: The brain has trouble handling sensory information, so a person may be over- or under-sensitive to sound, light or touch. Most often noticed in children.

Signs: Strong reactions to noise, clothing textures or bright light.

How it’s found: Specialist evaluation.

Care: Occupational therapy and calm, predictable environments.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Turn the volume down and wear ear protection around loud noise.
  • Wear sunglasses and get regular eye exams.
  • Never look directly at the sun.
  • Keep smoke and gas detectors working — your nose can’t always warn you.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 6

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · How you see

Light reflects off an object→Cornea→Pupil→Lens→Retina (rods and cones)→Optic nerve→Brain

✅ Check yourself

1. Which part of the eye focuses light like a camera lens?
a) Lensb) Eyelidc) Pupild) Optic nerve
2. The rods and cones are in the…
a) Corneab) Retinac) Tongued) Ear drum
3. Which hearing cells never grow back once damaged?
a) Taste budsb) Skin cellsc) Red blood cellsd) Inner-ear hair cells
4. Which sense is most closely linked to memory?
a) Sightb) Smellc) Hearingd) Touch
LIVE ItSensory walk: walk outside for five minutes and list one thing you see, hear, smell, feel and taste (a snack counts!).
SHARE ItShare your art, music, photo or poem about your senses with your FFH group — Dr. Rob would love to see it.

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
7
Chapter 7 of 13 · 🦴

Musculoskeletal System

Notice how the skeleton dictates the shape of the body.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Bones are the support beams of the body — like the pillars and trusses that hold up a building and handle all of its weight and stress. Draped over the skeleton is the muscular system, and joints and connective tissues bring them together so you can walk, run, jump, throw and lift.”

Think of it like this · Bones are a building’s frame, muscles are the cables and motors, tendons tie the motors to the frame, and joints are the hinges that let it all move.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Musculoskeletal System: Form & Function7:07 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 7

Bones, Muscles & Joints: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Bones (206)Hard, living tissue; long, short, flat and irregular shapesSupport the body, protect organs and store minerals
Bone marrowSoft, spongy tissue inside larger bonesMakes blood cells
Muscles (700+)Bundles of stretchy fibers made of tiny fibrilsContract (shorten) to move the body
TendonsTough cordsAttach muscle to bone — like the Achilles tendon at your heel
LigamentsStrong bandsConnect bone to bone and keep joints stable
CartilageSmooth, rubbery tissue at the ends of bonesCushions joints and lets bones glide
JointsPlaces where two bones meetFixed joints (skull) hold; movable joints (hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot) let you move
💡 Did you know?
  • You have 206 bones — the smallest are about 3 mm long, inside your ear.
  • Even simple movements use many muscles working together — by some counts, about 200 for walking.
  • Muscles can only pull, never push — they work in pairs, like the biceps and triceps.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 7

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common bones, muscles & joints conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Fractures

What it is: A broken bone from a fall, hit or stress.

Signs: Pain, swelling, bruising, a strange shape, can’t use the part.

How it’s found: X-ray and exam; sometimes MRI.

Care: A cast or splint for several weeks; sometimes surgery with rods or plates.

Osteoporosis

What it is: Bones slowly lose mass and become porous and weak, usually with age.

Signs: Often none until a bone breaks; loss of height, stooped posture.

How it’s found: Bone density scan.

Care: Calcium, vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise and medicines.

Rheumatoid arthritis

What it is: An autoimmune disease: the immune system attacks the joints.

Signs: Painful, swollen, stiff joints.

How it’s found: Joint exam and blood tests.

Care: Not curable, but medicines, exercise, therapy and diet help.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

What it is: The median nerve gets squeezed in a narrow tunnel in the wrist, often from long hours of typing without support.

Signs: Numbness, tingling and weakness in the hand.

How it’s found: History and exam.

Care: Rest, a wrist splint, better posture; surgery in serious cases.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Do weight-bearing exercise — walking, dancing, jumping — to build strong bones.
  • Get calcium and vitamin D.
  • Warm up before sports and use proper gear.
  • Take stretch breaks from typing and phones.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 7

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · How a movement happens

Brain sends a signal→Nerve carries it→Muscle contracts→Tendon pulls on the bone→Bone moves at the joint

✅ Check yourself

1. How many bones are in the adult human body?
a) 300b) 206c) 106d) 52
2. What attaches muscle to bone?
a) Nervesb) Ligamentsc) Cartilaged) Tendons
3. What connects bone to bone?
a) Ligamentsb) Tendonsc) Skind) Capillaries
4. Muscles move the body by…
a) Contracting (pulling)b) Pushing bones apartc) Growing longerd) Making blood
LIVE ItFind your Achilles tendon, then stand on your tiptoes 10 times. Feel your calf (the muscle) pull the tendon, which lifts your heel (the bone).
SHARE ItShow someone how the biceps and triceps take turns: bend your elbow (biceps pulls), then straighten it (triceps pulls).

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
8
Chapter 8 of 13 · 🧪

Endocrine System

The body’s chemical messaging service.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “The endocrine system is like the body’s communications system. Different parts of the body talk to each other through chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the bloodstream. Hormones make us grow up, watch the sugar and chemicals in our blood, tell us when to sleep, and so much more.”

Think of it like this · If the nervous system is a phone call — instant and direct — the endocrine system is mail: hormones are letters sent through the bloodstream that tell organs what to do, and their effects last longer.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Endocrine System: Form & Function5:17 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 8

Glands & Hormones: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
HypothalamusA small area at the base of the brainThe main link between the nervous and endocrine systems
Pituitary glandA pea-sized gland under the brainThe “master gland” — releases hormones that control other glands
ThyroidA small, butterfly-shaped gland in front of the windpipeSets your metabolism (energy speed) and helps manage calcium
Parathyroids (4)Tiny glands on the back of the thyroidControl calcium in the blood and help activate vitamin D
PancreasA gland behind the stomachMakes insulin and glucagon to keep blood sugar in balance
Adrenal glandsSit on top of the kidneys like hatsMake cortisol and other stress hormones
HormonesChemical messengers in the bloodTell target organs what to do
💡 Did you know?
  • Insulin lowers blood sugar; glucagon raises it.
  • Type 2 diabetes is more common than Type 1.
  • Diabetes can reduce feeling and circulation in the feet — daily foot checks prevent serious infections.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 8

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common glands & hormones conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Diabetes

What it is: A group of diseases in which the body can’t control blood sugar. Type 1: the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Type 2: the body doesn’t use insulin well.

Signs: Thirst, hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, tiredness, blurry vision, slow-healing sores.

How it’s found: Blood sugar and A1C blood tests.

Care: Healthy eating, exercise, checking blood sugar, medicines or insulin; daily foot care.

Hypothyroidism

What it is: The thyroid doesn’t make enough hormone. More common in women and people over 60.

Signs: Tiredness, feeling cold, dry hair and skin, slow heart rate, weight gain.

How it’s found: Thyroid blood tests.

Care: A daily thyroid hormone pill.

Cushing syndrome

What it is: Too much cortisol — from the adrenal glands or from taking steroid medicines for a long time.

Signs: Weight gain, stretch marks, easy bruising, slow healing.

How it’s found: Blood, urine and saliva tests for cortisol.

Care: Adjust steroid medicines, surgery or other treatment.

Hypercalcemia

What it is: Too much calcium in the blood, often from an overactive parathyroid gland.

Signs: Tiredness, thirst, frequent urination, weakness, confusion.

How it’s found: Blood tests and imaging.

Care: Medicines, or surgery to remove the overactive gland.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Keep a healthy weight and move every day — both help insulin work.
  • Choose water over sugary drinks.
  • Get your blood sugar checked if diabetes runs in your family.
  • Sleep 8 hours — hormones reset while you rest.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 8

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · Keeping blood sugar balanced

You eat a meal→Blood sugar rises→Pancreas releases insulin→Cells take in the sugar→Blood sugar returns to normal

✅ Check yourself

1. Hormones travel through the body in the…
a) Air we breatheb) Nervesc) Bonesd) Bloodstream
2. Which organ makes insulin?
a) Thyroidb) Pancreasc) Liverd) Heart
3. Insulin helps…
a) Digest fatb) Raise blood sugarc) Make bones longerd) Lower blood sugar
4. The butterfly-shaped gland in the neck is the…
a) Thyroidb) Adrenalc) Pituitaryd) Spleen
LIVE ItSwap it out: replace one sugary drink with water every day this week and track it.
SHARE ItTell someone the warning signs of diabetes and encourage a family member over 35 — or younger if they are overweight or diabetes runs in the family — to get a blood sugar check.

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
9
Chapter 9 of 13 · 🍽️

Digestive System

Nature’s assembly line for food.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “The digestive system is unique because, in a way, it is an exterior system. We take in substances from the outside world, process them inside, then send the waste back out the other end. Your digestive system begins and ends at two different openings to the outside world.”

Think of it like this · Digestion is an assembly line in reverse: instead of building something, each station takes food apart — chewing, mixing, dissolving and absorbing — until the useful parts are in your blood and the leftovers are waste.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Digestive System: Form & Function5:26 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 9

Digestion: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
MouthTeeth, tongue and saliva glandsStarts digestion by chewing (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
EsophagusA muscular tubeSqueezes food down to the stomach
StomachA muscular bag that holds about two litersMixes food with acid and enzymes to break it down
Small intestineA long, narrow, folded tube; the duodenum is its first sectionAbsorbs nutrients — sugars, salts, vitamins, minerals — into the blood
Large intestine (colon)A wider tubeAbsorbs water and forms solid waste
LiverThe large organ in the upper right bellyMakes bile, cleans toxins out of the blood and processes medicines
GallbladderA small sac under the liverStores and concentrates bile for digesting fat
PancreasA gland behind the stomachMakes digestive enzymes (and hormones like insulin)
💡 Did you know?
  • The digestive tract is open to the outside world at both ends.
  • The stomach holds about two liters.
  • Bile from the liver helps you digest fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 9

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common digestion conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

GERD (acid reflux)

What it is: Stomach acid keeps flowing back up into the esophagus.

Signs: Burning in the chest, trouble swallowing, a sour taste, a lump-in-the-throat feeling.

How it’s found: History and exam; sometimes an upper endoscopy (a camera tube).

Care: Smaller meals, avoid lying down after eating, medicines; rarely surgery.

Gallstones

What it is: Hard stones form from bile in the gallbladder and can block its ducts.

Signs: Sudden, strong pain in the upper right or middle belly, back or shoulder pain, vomiting.

How it’s found: Ultrasound and other imaging.

Care: Surgery to remove the gallbladder if stones cause problems.

Celiac disease

What it is: An autoimmune reaction to gluten, a protein in wheat, barley and rye.

Signs: Diarrhea, bloating, belly pain, anemia, poor growth.

How it’s found: Blood tests and a small-intestine biopsy (endoscopy). Keep eating gluten until testing is done; it runs in families.

Care: A strict gluten-free diet.

Crohn’s disease

What it is: An inflammatory bowel disease that causes deep inflammation of the digestive tract.

Signs: Diarrhea, belly pain, fever, tiredness, blood in the stool.

How it’s found: Blood and stool tests, colonoscopy, CT or MRI.

Care: Anti-inflammatory and immune medicines; sometimes surgery.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Eat vegetables, fruit, whole grains and water every day (fiber keeps things moving).
  • Go easy on fried and fast food.
  • Wash hands before eating.
  • Get screened for colon cancer at the age your provider recommends.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 9

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · The path of a bite of food

Mouth→Esophagus→Stomach→Small intestine→Large intestine (colon)→Rectum and anus

✅ Check yourself

1. Where does digestion begin?
a) The liverb) The stomachc) The mouthd) The small intestine
2. Most nutrients are absorbed into the blood in the…
a) Esophagusb) Gallbladderc) Small intestined) Large intestine
3. What does the gallbladder store?
a) Insulinb) Urinec) Biled) Saliva
4. Which organ cleans toxins from the blood and makes bile?
a) Pancreasb) Colonc) Liverd) Stomach
LIVE ItRainbow plate: eat three different colors of fruits or vegetables today and write down which organs they help.
SHARE ItTeach a younger family member the path of a bite of food — act it out from mouth to colon!

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
10
Chapter 10 of 13 · 💧

Excretory (Urinary) System

The body’s filtration and waste-disposal plant.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “In the digestive lesson you saw how food becomes solid waste. The excretory system is the body’s way of turning other wastes into a liquid — urine — and getting rid of it. Think of it as the plumbing: the filters, the pipes, the storage tank and the drain.”

Think of it like this · The kidneys are a water-treatment plant: they filter the blood, keep what the body needs (water, salts, sugar) and send the rest down the pipes (ureters) to a storage tank (bladder) until it is time to drain (urethra).
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Excretory / Urinary System: Form & Function4:53 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 10

Kidneys & Bladder: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Kidneys (2)Bean-shaped organs high in the back of the belly, on either side of the spine, just below the ribsFilter the blood, balance water and salts, and make urine
UretersTwo long, narrow, muscular tubesCarry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
BladderA stretchy, balloon-like bagStores urine and signals the brain when it’s full
UrethraA tube from the bladder to the outsideCarries urine out of the body (shorter in women, longer in men)
Prostate (in men)A gland below the bladderAdds fluid to semen; can swell with age
💡 Did you know?
  • The kidneys keep the right balance of water, salts and sugar in your blood.
  • Women have a shorter urethra, which is one reason they get more urinary tract infections.
  • Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed — don’t stop early or share them.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 10

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common kidneys & bladder conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

What it is: Germs (often E. coli) grow in the urethra and bladder — and can reach the kidneys if untreated.

Signs: Burning when you pee, needing to go often or urgently, cloudy or bloody urine.

How it’s found: A urine test.

Care: Antibiotics, taken exactly as prescribed. A kidney infection can be life-threatening.

Prostatitis and enlarged prostate

What it is: Prostatitis is inflammation or infection of the prostate and can happen at any adult age. An enlarged prostate (BPH) is non-cancerous growth that is common after 50.

Signs: Frequent urination, weak stream, pelvic pain.

How it’s found: Exam and urine tests.

Care: Antibiotics for infection; medicines or procedures to ease urine flow for BPH.

Bladder cancer

What it is: A tumor from uncontrolled cell growth in the bladder; smoking is a major risk.

Signs: Blood in the urine (often painless), frequent urination.

How it’s found: Cystoscopy (a camera in the bladder), urine tests, imaging, biopsy.

Care: Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.

Prostate cancer

What it is: A common cancer in men; risk grows with age.

Signs: Often none early; later trouble starting or keeping a stream, peeing at night.

How it’s found: Exam, blood test (PSA), ultrasound, MRI and biopsy.

Care: Watchful waiting, surgery, radiation or other treatment.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Drink water through the day — pale yellow urine is a good sign.
  • Don’t hold it for hours.
  • Don’t smoke (it raises bladder cancer risk).
  • Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 10

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · The path of urine

Blood flows into the kidneys→Kidneys filter out waste→Ureters→Bladder→Urethra→Out of the body

✅ Check yourself

1. Which organs filter waste from the blood?
a) Kidneysb) Uretersc) Heartd) Gallbladder
2. Urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through the…
a) Arteriesb) Urethrac) Esophagusd) Ureters
3. The bladder’s job is to…
a) Store urineb) Make urinec) Filter bloodd) Digest food
4. Urine leaves the body through the…
a) Urethrab) Colonc) Vena cavad) Ureter
LIVE ItWater tracker: drink a glass of water with every meal and snack today. Check your urine color in the afternoon.
SHARE ItRemind someone you love: blood in the urine is never normal — it’s a reason to see a provider.

My notes:

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44
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
11
Chapter 11 of 13 · 🤰

Reproductive System

Two systems working together to create new life.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “To have a baby, the male and female reproductive systems have to work together. There has to be an egg cell from the female and sperm cells from the male — and in most cases just one sperm joins the egg. From that single cell, a whole new person grows. The female reproductive system is one of the most profound biological systems there is.”

Think of it like this · Conception is a race with one winner: millions of sperm start, one joins the egg, and a wall forms around the fertilized egg so no others can enter.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · FFH Human: Female Reproductive System6:49 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute

More videos: VIVA: First Trimester · VIVA: Second Trimester · VIVA: Third Trimester

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 11

Reproduction: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Ovaries (2)Small, sac-like organs; a baby girl is born with about two million immature eggsStore and release eggs; make female hormones
Fallopian tubesThin tubes from the ovaries to the uterusCarry the egg; where it usually meets a sperm
Uterus (womb)A hollow, muscular organHome for a growing baby; its lining sheds each month during a period if no pregnancy
Cervix and vaginaThe lower opening of the uterus and the birth canalLet menstrual blood out and the baby be born
Testes (testicles)Two glands in the scrotum, outside the body where it’s coolerMake sperm and the hormone testosterone
Vas deferensA thin muscular tubeCarries sperm toward the urethra
Seminal vesicles and prostateGlands near the bladderAdd fluid that nourishes sperm
💡 Did you know?
  • Pregnancy lasts about nine months, divided into three trimesters.
  • Identical twins come from one fertilized egg that splits; fraternal twins come from two eggs.
  • Sperm need a slightly cooler temperature than the body’s 37 °C, so the testes sit outside the body.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 11

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common reproduction conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

What it is: Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, HPV and HIV spread through sexual contact. Some damage fertility; HIV attacks the immune system.

Signs: Often none! Sometimes discharge, burning, sores or warts.

How it’s found: Urine, swab and blood tests.

Care: Antibiotics cure some; medicines control others. Prevention: abstinence or condoms, testing, and the HPV vaccine.

Breast and cervical cancer

What it is: Cancers that can often be cured when found early.

Signs: A lump or change in the breast; unusual bleeding.

How it’s found: Knowing how your body normally looks and feels, mammograms, Pap and HPV tests.

Care: Surgery, radiation and medicines — early detection is key.

Endometrial (uterine) cancer

What it is: Cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus.

Signs: Bleeding between periods or after menopause, pelvic pain.

How it’s found: Pelvic exam, ultrasound, biopsy.

Care: Surgery, radiation, hormone therapy.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

What it is: Lifelong harm to a baby when the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy — 100% preventable.

Signs: Growth, learning and behavior problems.

How it’s found: Exam and history.

Care: Prevention: no alcohol, tobacco or drugs during pregnancy; regular prenatal care.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Get the HPV vaccine (recommended for preteens).
  • Get tested and treated; abstinence or condoms prevent most STIs.
  • Know what’s normal for your body, report changes, and keep up with recommended screenings.
  • Healthy pregnancy: prenatal care, and no alcohol, tobacco or drugs.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 11

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · From egg to baby

Ovary releases an egg→Egg travels down the fallopian tube→One sperm fertilizes the egg→Fertilized egg implants in the uterus→Baby grows for about nine months→Birth

✅ Check yourself

1. Where are eggs stored?
a) Ovariesb) Bladderc) Uterusd) Kidneys
2. Where does a baby grow during pregnancy?
a) Stomachb) Fallopian tubec) Uterusd) Ovary
3. Where does the egg usually meet the sperm?
a) Cervixb) Bladderc) Fallopian tubed) Uterus lining
4. What do the testes make?
a) Urineb) Bilec) Sperm and testosteroned) Insulin
LIVE ItWrite down the screening tests recommended for the adults in your family (Pap test, mammogram, prostate check) and the age each one starts.
SHARE ItEncourage someone you love to keep their next screening appointment — early detection saves lives.

My notes:

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48
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
12
Chapter 12 of 13 · 🛡️

Immune System

Working around the clock to keep you healthy.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Our immune system is the barrier that keeps germs out — identifying, improvising, adapting and overcoming any threat from the outside. White blood cells are vigilant: they find, identify and attack infectious organisms. They make antibodies that stick to germs and call other white cells to surround, swallow and destroy the invaders.”

Think of it like this · White blood cells are the foot soldiers on the front line. Antibodies are the flags they stick on invaders so the rest of the army knows who to attack. Memory cells are the veterans who recognize the enemy next time.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Immune System: Form & Function5:10 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute

More videos: Lymphatics and Blood Formation: Form & Function

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 12

Immunity & Lymph: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Skin and mucous membranesThe outer barriers in the skin, nose and throatThe first line of defense — they keep germs out (innate immunity)
White blood cellsCells that patrol the blood and tissuesFind, attack and swallow invaders
AntibodiesY-shaped proteins made by B cellsStick to a specific germ’s markers (antigens) and flag it for destruction
Memory cellsLong-lived immune cellsRemember a germ so the body responds faster next time (adaptive immunity)
Lymph vessels and lymph nodesVessels that run alongside blood vessels, with node clusters in the neck, armpits and groinDrain fluid and filter it so germs can be caught and destroyed
Bone marrowSpongy tissue inside larger bonesMakes all blood cells, including white blood cells
SpleenAn organ near the stomachFilters the blood like a bus stop: old cells off, fresh platelets and white cells on
💡 Did you know?
  • Innate immunity is always on; adaptive immunity builds a targeted attack over a few days.
  • Memory cells are why you usually can’t catch the same infection twice — and why vaccines work.
  • Lymph nodes often swell when they are fighting an infection.
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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 12

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common immunity & lymph conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

HIV / AIDS

What it is: A virus, spread through blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk — not through saliva, sweat, hugs or sharing cups — that attacks T-helper cells. Over years it can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), when even a cold can be dangerous.

Signs: Often none for years; then tiredness, fevers, infections that won’t go away.

How it’s found: Blood tests.

Care: No cure, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) keeps the virus under control.

Lupus

What it is: An autoimmune disease — “friendly fire” — where the immune system attacks the body’s own joints, skin and organs.

Signs: Joint pain, rashes (often a butterfly rash on the face), tiredness.

How it’s found: Blood and urine tests and ruling out other causes.

Care: Medicines that calm the immune system.

Lymphoma

What it is: Cancer of the lymphatic system (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin types).

Signs: Swollen lymph nodes, fevers, tiredness, weight loss.

How it’s found: Biopsy, blood tests and scans.

Care: Chemotherapy, radiation, sometimes a stem-cell transplant.

Multiple sclerosis and Type 1 diabetes

What it is: Autoimmune diseases: in MS the immune system damages the coating (myelin) of nerves; in Type 1 diabetes it destroys insulin-making cells in the pancreas.

Signs: MS: tingling, vision changes, weakness. Type 1 diabetes: thirst, frequent urination, weight loss.

How it’s found: Neurological exam and MRI; blood sugar and A1C tests.

Care: Immune medicines and therapy for MS; daily insulin for Type 1 diabetes.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Stay up to date on vaccines.
  • Wash your hands and cover your cough.
  • Sleep, eat well and move — your immune cells need it.
  • Don’t share needles, razors or toothbrushes.
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51
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 12

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · How your body fights an infection

A germ gets past the skin→White blood cells find it→Its antigens are identified→B cells make matching antibodies→The invaders are destroyed→Memory cells remember it

✅ Check yourself

1. What is your body’s first line of defense?
a) Skin and mucous membranesb) Memory cellsc) The spleend) Antibodies
2. Which cells patrol the blood looking for invaders?
a) Plateletsb) Red blood cellsc) Nerve cellsd) White blood cells
3. Proteins that stick to a specific germ are called…
a) Antibodiesb) Hormonesc) Neuronsd) Enzymes
4. Which cells help you fight the same germ faster next time?
a) Muscle cellsb) Memory cellsc) Fat cellsd) Skin cells
LIVE ItGerm glitter test: put a little lotion and glitter on your hands, shake hands with a partner, then see how hard it is to wash off. That’s how germs spread!
SHARE ItHelp someone you love check their vaccine record and make a plan for any shots they’ve missed.

My notes:

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Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
13
Chapter 13 of 13 · 🏃

Prevention: Live It Every Day

Take care of yourself. Help others.

Scan · open
the lesson
Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “The three core ways to prevent chronic disease are a healthy diet, fitness, and avoiding substance use. Stay active. Make friends and support those relationships. Keep a regular sleep schedule. Eat less animal fat and sweets and more vegetables and lean protein. And please… don’t smoke tobacco.”

Think of it like this · Every system you have learned about is a gift. Prevention is the maintenance plan that keeps every system running for a lifetime.
▶Watch Dr. Rob · Medical Minutes: Cancer Prevention with Dr. Rob1:40 · plays in the Qwest, where watching it all the way through earns 10 LEARN It coins a minute
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53
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 13

Prevention: Form & Function

Form is what a part looks like and where it is. Function is the job it does. Read across each row.

Body partForm · what it looks likeFunction · what it does
Healthy eatingVegetables, fruit, whole grains, lean protein and waterGives every cell the nutrients it needs
FitnessKids and teens: 60 minutes a day; adults: at least 150 minutes a weekStrengthens the heart, lungs, muscles and bones and improves circulation
No tobacco or vapingClean air in, nothing elseProtects the lungs, heart, skin and every cell from toxins
SleepA regular schedule, about 8 hoursLets the body repair and hormones reset
Stress care and friendshipsTime with people, play and quietProtects the heart and the mind
Screenings and vaccinesCheck-ups at the right agesCatch problems early and prevent infections
💡 Did you know?
  • Staying in a healthy weight range lowers the risk of cancer, diabetes, heart attack and stroke.
  • Limit recreational screens to under 2 hours a day and move every day.
  • The best way to understand a topic: Learn it, Live it, then Share it.
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54
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Learn It · Chapter 13

When Things Go Wrong

Dr. Rob’s guide to common prevention conditions — what they are, the signs, how a provider finds them and how they’re cared for.

Chronic disease

What it is: Heart disease, diabetes, many cancers and lung disease are often linked to diet, inactivity and tobacco.

Signs: Often silent for years.

How it’s found: Regular check-ups and screenings.

Care: Prevention first: eat well, move, don’t smoke, sleep, manage stress.

Tobacco and vaping

What it is: Smoking harms nearly every organ — lungs, heart, blood vessels, bladder, skin and more.

Signs: Cough, shortness of breath, wrinkles, getting sick more often.

How it’s found: Your provider can help — ask about quitting.

Care: Quit lines, counseling and medicines double the chance of quitting.

Inactivity and screen overload

What it is: Too much sitting weakens the heart, muscles and bones.

Signs: Low energy, weight gain, poor sleep.

How it’s found: Track your daily screen time and steps.

Care: Get up and move — 60 minutes a day for kids and teens, 150 minutes a week for adults.

🛡️ Protect it
  • Eat: more vegetables and lean protein, less sugar and fried food.
  • Move: 60 minutes a day for kids and teens, 150 minutes a week for adults.
  • Breathe clean air: no tobacco, no vaping.
  • Sleep on a schedule and stay connected to friends.
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55
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Share It · Chapter 13

Put It to Work

🔀 Pathway · Save a life: BE FAST for stroke

B — Balance: sudden loss of balance?→E — Eyes: sudden vision change?→F — Face: is one side drooping?→A — Arms: is one arm weak?→S — Speech: slurred or strange?→T — Time: call 911 now

✅ Check yourself

1. What are Dr. Rob’s three core ways to prevent chronic disease?
a) Healthy diet, fitness and no substance useb) Video games, snacks and napsc) Sunbathing, soda and sleepd) Vitamins, pills and surgery
2. How much movement do kids and teens need each day?
a) About 60 minutesb) Only on weekendsc) Five minutesd) None
3. Which habit harms nearly every organ?
a) Sleepingb) Walkingc) Drinking waterd) Smoking
4. In BE FAST, “F” stands for…
a) Feverb) Fast heartbeatc) Feet hurtingd) Face drooping
LIVE ItLive It week: pick one habit — water, steps, sleep or screen time — and track it for seven days in your LIVE It tracker.
SHARE ItInvite someone to join the Force for Health and take this journey with you. Be a Force for Health!

My notes:

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56
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Review 1

Which System?

Write the letter of the body system each part belongs to. Answers are on the Answer Key page.

A · SkinB · Heart & Blood VesselsC · Lungs & AirwaysD · Brain, Spine & NervesE · Your Five SensesF · Bones, Muscles & JointsG · Glands & HormonesH · DigestionI · Kidneys & BladderJ · ReproductionK · Immunity & Lymph
1. Alveoli
2. Pancreas (insulin)
3. Retina
4. Ureters
5. Tendons
6. Aorta
7. Spinal cord
8. Dermis
9. Lymph nodes
10. Small intestine
11. Ovaries
12. Capillaries
13. Diaphragm
14. Gallbladder
15. Thyroid
16. Spleen
17. Melanocytes
18. Bladder
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57
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Live It · Review 2

Body Pathways

Fill in the missing steps using the word bank. Each word is used once.

Alveoli · Bronchi · Esophagus · Large intestine (colon) · Larynx · Left ventricle · Pulmonary artery → lungs · Right atrium · Small intestine

❤️ 1. Blood flow through the heart

Vena cava → → Right ventricle → → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → → Aorta → body

🫁 2. The path of a breath

Nose or mouth → Pharynx → → Trachea → → → Into the blood

🍽️ 3. The path of a bite of food

Mouth → → Stomach → → → Rectum and anus

🧬 4. Put these in order, smallest to largest

system · cell · organ · tissue  →  → → →

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58
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Answer Key

Check Your Work

Check-yourself questions (chapter · question · answer)

Ch.1 Q1 c
Ch.1 Q2 d
Ch.1 Q3 b
Ch.1 Q4 c
Ch.2 Q1 b
Ch.2 Q2 c
Ch.2 Q3 d
Ch.2 Q4 b
Ch.3 Q1 c
Ch.3 Q2 d
Ch.3 Q3 b
Ch.3 Q4 d
Ch.4 Q1 c
Ch.4 Q2 c
Ch.4 Q3 d
Ch.4 Q4 a
Ch.5 Q1 a
Ch.5 Q2 b
Ch.5 Q3 b
Ch.5 Q4 d
Ch.6 Q1 a
Ch.6 Q2 b
Ch.6 Q3 d
Ch.6 Q4 b
Ch.7 Q1 b
Ch.7 Q2 d
Ch.7 Q3 a
Ch.7 Q4 a
Ch.8 Q1 d
Ch.8 Q2 b
Ch.8 Q3 d
Ch.8 Q4 a
Ch.9 Q1 c
Ch.9 Q2 c
Ch.9 Q3 c
Ch.9 Q4 c
Ch.10 Q1 a
Ch.10 Q2 d
Ch.10 Q3 a
Ch.10 Q4 a
Ch.11 Q1 a
Ch.11 Q2 c
Ch.11 Q3 c
Ch.11 Q4 c
Ch.12 Q1 a
Ch.12 Q2 d
Ch.12 Q3 a
Ch.12 Q4 b
Ch.13 Q1 a
Ch.13 Q2 a
Ch.13 Q3 d
Ch.13 Q4 d

Worksheet · Which System?

1-C · 2-G · 3-E · 4-I · 5-F · 6-B · 7-D · 8-A · 9-K · 10-H · 11-J · 12-B · 13-C · 14-H · 15-G · 16-K · 17-A · 18-I

Worksheet · Body Pathways

1. Right atrium, Pulmonary artery → lungs, Left ventricle · 2. Larynx, Bronchi, Alveoli · 3. Esophagus, Small intestine, Large intestine (colon) · 4. cell → tissue → organ → system

Missed a few? Every answer has an explanation from Dr. Rob in the games — play the Boss Quiz for that chapter.

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59
Form & Function · Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series
Share It

You Learned It… Now You’ve Earned It

Dr. Rob

Dr. Rob says · “Congratulations. You have shown your willingness to advance your knowledge of form and function. That was a big accomplishment — you earned a lot of points, but mostly, my respect. You are ready to start being an Ambassador in the role of Force for Health Educator.”

Your next steps

  • Finish the Qwest. Earn all 13 station badges and pass Grand Rounds to print your certificate.
  • Keep exploring. Use the 360° Human Explorer models and the VIVA videos to understand conditions that matter to you and your family.
  • Teach someone. Use what you know to talk with others — at home, at school, in your community.
  • Step it up. Some learners become advocates, Community Health Workers or go into other health careers. Others form a team and do an I.D.E.A.S. project to help others.
  • Invite others to join the Force for Health so they can take this journey too.
Earned in the Qwest

Force for Health Human Educator

Pass Grand Rounds with 70% or better to unlock your printable certificate, signed by Dr. Robert Gillio.

Thank you for being a Force for Health. Take care of yourself! Help others!

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Reality Health Games Dr. Rob’s 360° Human Series

Form & Function

One curriculum, three ways to learn — plus a guide for the people who lead.

🎓 The Academy courseDr. Rob’s lessons and topics, module by module, with watch-to-complete video.
🏆 The Form & Function Qwest13 stations on the 360° Human, six steps each, Grand Rounds and a certificate.
📖 This eBook13 illustrated chapters, worksheets, answer key, text view and read-aloud.
🧑‍🏫 The Group Leader’s GuideSession plans, pacing, roster and badge log for classes, clubs and teams.
theforce.health/form-and-function

eBook $49 or included with AmbassadorPLUS · Group Leader’s Guide included with Certified Group Leader membership · The Qwest and games are free to play. This book is educational and is not a substitute for medical care.

The Force for Healththeforce.health · FFH Virtual Library · 360° Human
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